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Prince Józef Zajączek (Coat of arms of Świnka) (1 November 1752, Kamieniec Podolski — 28 August 1826, Warsaw) was a Polish general and politician. Zajączek started his career in the Army of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, an aide-de-camp to hetman Franciszek Ksawery Branicki. He was Branicki's supporter on the political scene, before joining the liberal opposition during the Great Sejm in 1790. He became a radical supporter of the Constitution of 3 May 1791. As a military commander, in the rank of a general, he participated in Polish–Russian War of 1792 and Kościuszko Uprising. After the partitions of Poland, he joined the Napoleonic Army, and was a general in Napoleon's forces until his wounding and capture during Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812. From 1815 he became involved in the governance of the Congress Kingdom of Poland, becoming the first Namestnik of Kingdom of Poland. ==Youth== Józef Zajączek was born on 1 November 1752 in Kamieniec Podolski to Antoni Zajączek and Marianna Cieszkowska, members of the Polish noble family of the Świnka coat of arms.〔 Young Zajączek probably attended a school in Zamość, and later a Jesuit school in Warsaw.〔 At the age of sixteen he joined the Bar Confederates, and served as a secretary to Michał Wielhorski, accompanying him on his diplomatic mission to Paris, France, in 1770.〔 Zajączek stayed in Paris for several years, and in 1773 he met one of the major leaders of the Confederacy, Casimir Pulaski.〔 Falling under Pulaski's influence, he left Wielhorski's service, and accompanied Pulaski on his diplomatic mission to the Ottoman Empire in 1774, where he witnessed the Ottoman defeat at the Battle of Kozludzha on 20 June.〔〔 Returning to France later that year he wrote a hagiographic biography of Pulaski in French.〔 In 1775 he got an officer (junior lieutenant) position in the hussar regiment of the French Army, although after several weeks he abandoned this position to return to Poland.〔 Thanks to the support from the magnate Sapieha family he received a post of an aide-de-camp to hetman Franciszek Ksawery Branicki.〔 Zajączek participated as a deputy from the Podole Voivodeship in the Sejm (parliament of the Commonwealth) session of 1784, and was a vocal member of the hetman Branicki's faction (known as the Hetmans' Party).〔 In a similar vein he participated in the Sejm of 1786, this time as a deputy from the Kiev Voivodeship.〔 During that time he emerged as a vocal critic of king Stanisław August Poniatowski.〔〔 In late 1786 he married Aleksandra Iaura, née de Pernet.〔 Meanwhile, he kept being promoted in ranks, reaching that of colonel in 1787.〔 He was also not a deputy to the first half of the Four-year Sejm (1788–1792), and spent the first two years of its deliberations with his unit (2nd Front Guard Regiment, Polish: ''2 regiment straży przedniej'') on the Ukrainian border; in 1790, however, he was elected as a deputy once again and joined his patron Branicki in Warsaw.〔 Soon, however, he left Branicki's camp, joining the faction of Hugo Kołłątaj, the Patriotic Party.〔 Zajączek became involved in the works of a commission tasked with reforming the Polish military, and contributed to a new project on military exercises and officer training.〔〔 He became one of the supporters of the new Constitution of 3 May 1791, and members of the Friends of the Constitution society.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Józef Zajączek」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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